Tuesday, December 24, 2013

Empathy, not antagonism, can save more children



The purpose of the child welfare/protection system is to keep children safe. In situations where children are not safe with their family, the system is charged with discovering the reason that they aren’t safe – and to help the family to fix it. If the unsafe situation is such that a child has already been harmed or is in imminent threat of harm – it may be necessary for the child to be removed from the home, placed in an alternate setting, ideally with relatives, and if that’s not possible, with a foster family. 

The alternate living arrangement for the child is intended to be temporary while the unsafe situation at home is made safe. If the situation cannot be made safe within a designated time frame, a permanent home for the child must be secured. 

That, essentially, is how the child welfare system is supposed to function. There are myriad dynamics affecting which children are removed from their families and which remain. Not all of the children removed faced situations so unsafe that maintaining them at home was detrimental to their well-being. 

Consider that when the child welfare/protection system becomes involved with a family, it is an especially difficult time in a family’s life. Simply by virtue of the fact that an outside entity with the legal authority to dismantle the family is involved makes it a scary encounter. Emotions are running high and parents are feeling vulnerable and defensive – normal human behavior. Add to the mix that this is very likely a neighborhood that has seen its share of children removed for seemingly innocuous, culturally accepted circumstances; (circumstances that a generation or two ago would not have been labeled abusive) and a parent’s fear is even more probable.

Enter an investigator who does not understand that a parent’s reaction regarding intervention has nothing to do with the investigator; that the anger and defiance are not necessarily resistance, but far more likely to be a mixture of fear, helplessness and distrust.

When the investigator responds to IT (the anger, defensiveness, fear), that’s an indication that the investigator doesn’t understand the importance of seeing beyond the behavior. When an investigator takes the parent’s response personally, the investigator loses sight of human behavior 101 and shifts his/her focus to addressing the reaction instead of attempting to defuse it. Further, when an investigator expects this behavior from “those people,” he/she could very well get caught up in the argument about the intervention – instead of getting to the intervention itself. 

This adversarial encounter has now become a barrier to the investigator actually learning more about the reason that they’re there in the first place. In some cases, a very fixable situation that posed no significant safety risk to a child has been masked by an encounter that is now the focus of child protection’s response and the basis for its subsequent decision. 

A parent’s instinctual response to what they perceive as a threat to their children is to protect their offspring with whatever response is necessary to remove the threat (a practice that humans applaud in the animal kingdom). It is a normal and healthy human response; however, when some parents exhibit it, the normal, healthy response is held against them. 

The investigator wields enormous power. How it is used can determine a family’s future. Unfortunately, that power is sometimes misused in order to achieve a quick resolution. Removing the child becomes the most expedient action because it allows the investigator to escape a “volatile” situation. Equally, if not more, distressing is the investigator that misuses his/her power to punish a parent for daring to express human emotions regarding the prospect of having their child taken from them.

The unnecessary removal of a child who could’ve remained safely with their family is a horrible outcome; however, it is an outcome that has occurred many, many times. One of the reasons that caseloads are so high is due to the number of children in the system that have no business there.
With an overloaded system, families that really are in dire straits but whose external appearance looks/sounds “normal,” and “cooperative,” are more likely to keep their children. Nice and cooperative do not equal safe just as angry and defiant do not equal unsafe!

Ideally, the investigator uses their power to de-escalate the situation by empathizing with the parent’s fear, helplessness, etc., and clearly explaining that they’re here to help, not hurt. “If I were in your situation, I think that I’d be angry/defensive/confused/fearful, too,” is one of the most empathetic, calming and equalizing statements an investigator can say to a parent. 

Even if the investigation reveals that a removal is warranted because of an unsafe environment, an investigator that takes the time to empathize with a distraught parent establishes an atmosphere of humanity and understanding that can become the foundation upon which the work to improve the family is built. 

Empathy and a solid assessment that gets to the family’s real issues are the starting points to ensuring true safety for children.

Michelle Hollinger is the founder of The Institute for Authentic Social Work and the author of ‘TheABCs of Authentic Work with Families’ and ‘7 Steps to Strengthen Your Family.’ Learn more about the Institute at www.authenticsocialwork.org.

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